: Not all students have the same level of technical skill, which can lead to frustration when trying to interact with complex online platforms [11, 12].
: Without face-to-face interaction, "teacher-student isolation" can occur, making it harder for instructors to provide the emotional support students need [8, 13]. Classroom 76
: Watch videos or read materials independently [11]. : Not all students have the same level
: Lack of stable internet and the high cost of data bundles are the most significant barriers, especially in developing regions [5, 11]. 12]. : Without face-to-face interaction