Medical Microbiology Lecture Notes Ppt Updated File

Direct transfer of plasmids between bacteria via a sex pilus. This is the primary driver of multidrug resistance. 2. Major Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action

This section covers the most common clinically relevant bacterial pathogens, their presentations, and first-line treatments. 1. Gram-Positive Cocci

S. pyogenes (Group A): Beta-hemolytic, Bacitracin sensitive. Causes strep throat, erysipelas, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever. medical microbiology lecture notes ppt updated

Bacteria grow through four distinct phases in a closed system:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | BACTERIAL CELL WALLS | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRAM-POSITIVE | | [Peptidoglycan Layer (Thick)] | | [Teichoic & Lipoteichoic Acids] -> Induces inflammation | | [Plasma Membrane] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRAM-NEGATIVE | | [Outer Membrane] -> Contains Lipopolysaccharide (LPS/Endotoxin)| | [Periplasmic Space] -> Contains beta-lactamases | | [Peptidoglycan Layer (Thin)] | | [Plasma Membrane] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ 3. The Mechanics of Bacterial Growth Direct transfer of plasmids between bacteria via a sex pilus

Zero growth; high metabolic activity; intense adaptation to the environment.

The uptake and integration of naked DNA fragments from the surrounding environment. Major Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action This section covers

Plasmid-mediated enzymes in Gram-negative rods that hydrolyze cephalosporins and monobactams. Module 3: Immunology & Host Defense Mechanisms